Teori Refleksivitas
Pada kesempatan ini, selain mengutip teori refleksivitas, saya juga akan mencoba untuk mengulasnya. Hal yang menarik bagi saya, George Soros sampai pada kesimpulan yang dia buat sepanjang kariernya sebagai pelaku pasar. Meski teorinya berpijak pada ilmu ekonomi akan tetapi teori umum yang dia buat sangat menarik dalam membantu kita memahami dunia. Demikianlah bahwa tugas dari ilmuwan yaitu menyederhanakan hal-hal yang kelihatan rumit ke dalam premis yang sederhana. Apa yang dilakukan George Soros seperti membuat sebuah formula ketika variabel di ruas kiri berubah maka secara otomatis hasil di ruas kanan juga akan turut berubah. Berikut ini 13 proposisi dari teori refleksivitas:
in recent history mankind has adopted two fallacies about the relationship between thinking and reality, the enlightenment fallacy and the post modern fallacy they are related to each other
the participants view of the world is always partial and distorted that these distorted views can influence the situation because false views lead to inappropriate actions
reality can be manipulated but the results of our actions are governed not by our desires but by an external reality whose workings we cannot fully comprehend
the complexity of the world in which we live exceeds our capacity to comprehend it, the main source of difficulty is that participants are part of the situation they have to deal with
we are obliged to resort to various methods of simplification: generalizations, dichotomies, metaphors, decision rules, moral precepts
reflexivity is a two-way connection between a misconceptions and the objective reality and there are ways in which misconceptions can actually change the objective conditions
in order to have reflexivity, you must have the misconceptions to start with, otherwise you would not have the two-way connection
in natural phenomena thinking serves only cognitive function, while in human affairs thinking is part of the subject matter and serves both cognitive and manipulative function
the key to the success of scientific method is that it can test generalizations of universal validity with the help of singular observations, one failed test is sufficient to falsify a theory
when heisenberg discovered the uncertainty principle, it did not change the behavior of the quanta that it was referring to
when you discover a theory about social affairs it actually can change society, for instance when karl marx proposed his theory of history it actually changed the history
karl marx asserted that the ideological superstructure was determined by the material conditions of production
sigmund freud maintained that people behavior was determined by drives and complexes of which they were not even aware
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